A comparative study of nemertean complete mitochondrial genomes, including two new ones for Nectonemertes cf. mirabilis and Zygeupolia rubens, may elucidate the fundamental pattern for the phylum Nemertea
Identifieur interne : 000532 ( Main/Exploration ); précédent : 000531; suivant : 000533A comparative study of nemertean complete mitochondrial genomes, including two new ones for Nectonemertes cf. mirabilis and Zygeupolia rubens, may elucidate the fundamental pattern for the phylum Nemertea
Auteurs : Hai-Xia Chen [Suède, République populaire de Chine] ; Shi-Chun Sun [République populaire de Chine] ; Per Sundberg [Suède] ; Wei-Cheng Ren [Suède] ; Jon L. Norenburg [États-Unis]Source :
- BMC Genomics [ 1471-2164 ] ; 2012.
Abstract
The mitochondrial genome is important for studying genome evolution as well as reconstructing the phylogeny of organisms. Complete mitochondrial genome sequences have been reported for more than 2200 metazoans, mainly vertebrates and arthropods. To date, from a total of about 1275 described nemertean species, only three complete and two partial mitochondrial DNA sequences from nemerteans have been published. Here, we report the entire mitochondrial genomes for two more nemertean species:
The sizes of the entire mitochondrial genomes are 15365 bp for
The two new mitochondrial genomes share many features, including gene contents, with other known nemertean mitochondrial genomes. The tRNA families display a composite substitution pathway. Gene order comparison to the proposed ground pattern of Bilateria and some lophotrochozoans suggests that the nemertean ancestral mitochondrial gene order most closely resembles the heteronemertean type. Phylogenetic analysis proposes a sister-group relationship between Hetero- and Hoplonemertea, which supports one of two recent alternative hypotheses of nemertean phylogeny.
Url:
DOI: 10.1186/1471-2164-13-139
PubMed: 22507536
PubMed Central: 3368773
Affiliations:
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<record><TEI><teiHeader><fileDesc><titleStmt><title xml:lang="en">A comparative study of nemertean complete mitochondrial genomes, including two new ones for <italic>Nectonemertes </italic>cf. <italic>mirabilis </italic>and <italic>Zygeupolia rubens</italic>, may elucidate the fundamental pattern for the phylum Nemertea</title><author><name sortKey="Chen, Hai Xia" sort="Chen, Hai Xia" uniqKey="Chen H" first="Hai-Xia" last="Chen">Hai-Xia Chen</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="I1">Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Gothenburg, PO Box 463, SE-405 30 Gothenburg, Sweden</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Suède</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Gothenburg, PO Box 463, SE-405 30 Gothenburg</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>SE-405 30 Gothenburg</wicri:noRegion></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="I2">Institute of Evolution & Marine Biodiversity, Ocean University of China, 5 Yushan Road, Qingdao 266003, China</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">République populaire de Chine</country><wicri:regionArea>Institute of Evolution & Marine Biodiversity, Ocean University of China, 5 Yushan Road, Qingdao 266003</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Qingdao 266003</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Sun, Shi Chun" sort="Sun, Shi Chun" uniqKey="Sun S" first="Shi-Chun" last="Sun">Shi-Chun Sun</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="I2">Institute of Evolution & Marine Biodiversity, Ocean University of China, 5 Yushan Road, Qingdao 266003, China</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">République populaire de Chine</country><wicri:regionArea>Institute of Evolution & Marine Biodiversity, Ocean University of China, 5 Yushan Road, Qingdao 266003</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Qingdao 266003</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Sundberg, Per" sort="Sundberg, Per" uniqKey="Sundberg P" first="Per" last="Sundberg">Per Sundberg</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="I1">Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Gothenburg, PO Box 463, SE-405 30 Gothenburg, Sweden</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Suède</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Gothenburg, PO Box 463, SE-405 30 Gothenburg</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>SE-405 30 Gothenburg</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Ren, Wei Cheng" sort="Ren, Wei Cheng" uniqKey="Ren W" first="Wei-Cheng" last="Ren">Wei-Cheng Ren</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="I3">Department of Rheumatology and Inflammation Research, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, PO Box 480, SE-405 30, Sweden</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Suède</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Rheumatology and Inflammation Research, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, PO Box 480, SE-405 30</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>SE-405 30</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Norenburg, Jon L" sort="Norenburg, Jon L" uniqKey="Norenburg J" first="Jon L" last="Norenburg">Jon L. Norenburg</name><affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:aff id="I4">Department of Invertebrate Zoology, National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, DC 20560-0163, USA</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Invertebrate Zoology, National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, DC 20560-0163</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="state">District de Columbia</region></placeName></affiliation></author></titleStmt><publicationStmt><idno type="wicri:source">PMC</idno><idno type="pmid">22507536</idno><idno type="pmc">3368773</idno><idno type="url">http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3368773</idno><idno type="RBID">PMC:3368773</idno><idno type="doi">10.1186/1471-2164-13-139</idno><date when="2012">2012</date><idno type="wicri:Area/Pmc/Corpus">000492</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/Pmc/Curation">000492</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/Pmc/Checkpoint">000446</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/Ncbi/Merge">000299</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/Ncbi/Curation">000299</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/Ncbi/Checkpoint">000299</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/Main/Merge">000533</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/Main/Curation">000532</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/Main/Exploration">000532</idno></publicationStmt><sourceDesc><biblStruct><analytic><title xml:lang="en" level="a" type="main">A comparative study of nemertean complete mitochondrial genomes, including two new ones for <italic>Nectonemertes </italic>cf. <italic>mirabilis </italic>and <italic>Zygeupolia rubens</italic>, may elucidate the fundamental pattern for the phylum Nemertea</title><author><name sortKey="Chen, Hai Xia" sort="Chen, Hai Xia" uniqKey="Chen H" first="Hai-Xia" last="Chen">Hai-Xia Chen</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="I1">Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Gothenburg, PO Box 463, SE-405 30 Gothenburg, Sweden</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Suède</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Gothenburg, PO Box 463, SE-405 30 Gothenburg</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>SE-405 30 Gothenburg</wicri:noRegion></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="I2">Institute of Evolution & Marine Biodiversity, Ocean University of China, 5 Yushan Road, Qingdao 266003, China</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">République populaire de Chine</country><wicri:regionArea>Institute of Evolution & Marine Biodiversity, Ocean University of China, 5 Yushan Road, Qingdao 266003</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Qingdao 266003</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Sun, Shi Chun" sort="Sun, Shi Chun" uniqKey="Sun S" first="Shi-Chun" last="Sun">Shi-Chun Sun</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="I2">Institute of Evolution & Marine Biodiversity, Ocean University of China, 5 Yushan Road, Qingdao 266003, China</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">République populaire de Chine</country><wicri:regionArea>Institute of Evolution & Marine Biodiversity, Ocean University of China, 5 Yushan Road, Qingdao 266003</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Qingdao 266003</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Sundberg, Per" sort="Sundberg, Per" uniqKey="Sundberg P" first="Per" last="Sundberg">Per Sundberg</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="I1">Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Gothenburg, PO Box 463, SE-405 30 Gothenburg, Sweden</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Suède</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Gothenburg, PO Box 463, SE-405 30 Gothenburg</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>SE-405 30 Gothenburg</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Ren, Wei Cheng" sort="Ren, Wei Cheng" uniqKey="Ren W" first="Wei-Cheng" last="Ren">Wei-Cheng Ren</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="I3">Department of Rheumatology and Inflammation Research, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, PO Box 480, SE-405 30, Sweden</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Suède</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Rheumatology and Inflammation Research, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, PO Box 480, SE-405 30</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>SE-405 30</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Norenburg, Jon L" sort="Norenburg, Jon L" uniqKey="Norenburg J" first="Jon L" last="Norenburg">Jon L. Norenburg</name><affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:aff id="I4">Department of Invertebrate Zoology, National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, DC 20560-0163, USA</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Invertebrate Zoology, National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, DC 20560-0163</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="state">District de Columbia</region></placeName></affiliation></author></analytic><series><title level="j">BMC Genomics</title><idno type="eISSN">1471-2164</idno><imprint><date when="2012">2012</date></imprint></series></biblStruct></sourceDesc></fileDesc><profileDesc><textClass></textClass></profileDesc></teiHeader><front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en"><sec><title>Background</title><p>The mitochondrial genome is important for studying genome evolution as well as reconstructing the phylogeny of organisms. Complete mitochondrial genome sequences have been reported for more than 2200 metazoans, mainly vertebrates and arthropods. To date, from a total of about 1275 described nemertean species, only three complete and two partial mitochondrial DNA sequences from nemerteans have been published. Here, we report the entire mitochondrial genomes for two more nemertean species: <italic>Nectonemertes </italic>cf. <italic>mirabilis </italic>and <italic>Zygeupolia rubens</italic>.</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>The sizes of the entire mitochondrial genomes are 15365 bp for <italic>N</italic>. cf. <italic>mirabilis </italic>and 15513 bp for <italic>Z. rubens</italic>. Each circular genome contains 37 genes and an AT-rich non-coding region, and overall nucleotide composition is AT-rich. In both species, there is significant strand asymmetry in the distribution of nucleotides, with the coding strand being richer in T than A and in G than C. The AT-rich non-coding regions of the two genomes have some repeat sequences and stem-loop structures, both of which may be associated with the initiation of replication or transcription. The 22 tRNAs show variable substitution patterns in nemerteans, with higher sequence conservation in genes located on the H strand. Gene arrangement of <italic>N</italic>. cf. <italic>mirabilis </italic>is identical to that of <italic>Paranemertes </italic>cf. <italic>peregrina</italic>, both of which are Hoplonemertea, while that of <italic>Z. rubens </italic>is the same as in <italic>Lineus viridis</italic>, both of which are Heteronemertea. Comparison of the gene arrangements and phylogenomic analysis based on concatenated nucleotide sequences of the 12 mitochondrial protein-coding genes revealed that species with closer relationships share more identical gene blocks.</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusion</title><p>The two new mitochondrial genomes share many features, including gene contents, with other known nemertean mitochondrial genomes. The tRNA families display a composite substitution pathway. Gene order comparison to the proposed ground pattern of Bilateria and some lophotrochozoans suggests that the nemertean ancestral mitochondrial gene order most closely resembles the heteronemertean type. Phylogenetic analysis proposes a sister-group relationship between Hetero- and Hoplonemertea, which supports one of two recent alternative hypotheses of nemertean phylogeny.</p></sec></div></front><back><div1 type="bibliography"><listBibl><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Hu, M" uniqKey="Hu M">M Hu</name></author><author><name sortKey="Chilton, Nb" uniqKey="Chilton N">NB Chilton</name></author><author><name sortKey="Gasser, Rb" uniqKey="Gasser R">RB Gasser</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Salvato, P" uniqKey="Salvato P">P Salvato</name></author><author><name sortKey="Simonato, M" uniqKey="Simonato M">M Simonato</name></author><author><name sortKey="Battisti, A" uniqKey="Battisti A">A Battisti</name></author><author><name sortKey="Negrisolo, E" uniqKey="Negrisolo E">E Negrisolo</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Boore, Jl" uniqKey="Boore J">JL Boore</name></author><author><name 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Lartillot</name></author><author><name sortKey="Lepage, T" uniqKey="Lepage T">T Lepage</name></author><author><name sortKey="Blanquart, S" uniqKey="Blanquart S">S Blanquart</name></author></analytic></biblStruct></listBibl></div1></back></TEI><affiliations><list><country><li>République populaire de Chine</li><li>Suède</li><li>États-Unis</li></country><region><li>District de Columbia</li></region></list><tree><country name="Suède"><noRegion><name sortKey="Chen, Hai Xia" sort="Chen, Hai Xia" uniqKey="Chen H" first="Hai-Xia" last="Chen">Hai-Xia Chen</name></noRegion><name sortKey="Ren, Wei Cheng" sort="Ren, Wei Cheng" uniqKey="Ren W" first="Wei-Cheng" last="Ren">Wei-Cheng Ren</name><name sortKey="Sundberg, Per" sort="Sundberg, Per" uniqKey="Sundberg P" first="Per" last="Sundberg">Per Sundberg</name></country><country name="République populaire de Chine"><noRegion><name sortKey="Chen, Hai Xia" sort="Chen, Hai Xia" uniqKey="Chen H" first="Hai-Xia" last="Chen">Hai-Xia Chen</name></noRegion><name sortKey="Sun, Shi Chun" sort="Sun, Shi Chun" uniqKey="Sun S" first="Shi-Chun" last="Sun">Shi-Chun Sun</name></country><country name="États-Unis"><region name="District de Columbia"><name sortKey="Norenburg, Jon L" sort="Norenburg, Jon L" uniqKey="Norenburg J" first="Jon L" last="Norenburg">Jon L. 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